The phased antenna array is chosen so that the beamforming can be. This book covers a wide range of antenna array topics that are becoming increasingly important in wireless applications, particularly in design and computer modeling. Basically there are two types of smart antenna systems, one is switched beam system and another adaptive array system. A simple switchedbeam antenna array based on a 8x8 butlermatrix network g. A broadband butler matrix uses broadband 3 db couplers and a middle network. Microstrip patch antenna assisted compact dual band planar. Design approach of multibeam using phased array antenna. Designing a butler matrix beamforming network with rf modeling. Pdf optimum design of a 4x4 planar butler matrix array. A patch antenna element is utilized with a back cavity, which is formed by metallic via holes and ground plane.
Phased array antenna beam steering animation beamforming. Due to design simplicity, wider bandwidth and low cost the butler matrix network is often used as the beam former. This is not our goal to go into details about antenna array theory, but it is interesting to highlight a few points related to antenna arrays. Matrix antenna array grumman aerospace corporation. Butler matrix has four inputs 1r, 2l, 2r, 1l and four outputs. Signal processing and numerical modeling algorithms are explored, and matlab computer codes are provided for many of the design examples. These four outputs are used as inputs to antenna elements to produce four beams. One of the most popular bfns is the butler matrix bm 1.
Butler matrix based multibeam base station antenna. It performs a similar function to a rotman lens, or a phased array antenna system. Transmission line and its applications to a miniaturized butler matrix. Matrix, acting as a mirror of the first butler matrix, reconstructing the antenna patterns of the individual radiating elements. The performance of the networks is evaluated by measuring their frequency response. Easytofabricate microstrip layout topologies are designed and constructed. A switched beam antenna array with butler matrix network using substrate integrated waveguide technology for 60 ghz wireless communications. Microstrip technology is widely used for implementation of antenna arrays 8, 9, feeding networks 10 such as butler matrices 11, 12, because. The antenna array has four inputs and is excited by the butler matrix feeding network to electronically steer the beams in desired directions. Generic concept of the four beam antenna array fed by 4 x 4 butler matrix fig. One of the most common technique used in switched beam system with linear array antenna is the butler matrix because it is simple, able to generates high directivity orthogonal narrow beamwidth 6 and it can achieve continuous beam scanning. Chapter 3 antenna arrays and beamforming array beam. Kapetanakis1 1department of electronic engineering, faculty of applied sciences, technological educational institute tei of crete, gr733 chania, crete, greece. Printed 4x4 butler matrix for beamsteering and mimo.
Pdf beamsteering antenna array based on a butler matrix. The growth of cellular telephone in the 1980s attracted interest in commercial applications. Multibeam antenna arrays with passive beamforming network bfn have been commonly considered as an efficient and costeffective solution. Design and implementation of butler matrixbased beam. Reduced sidelobe multibeam antenna array with broadside. Kesubstrate integrated waveguide beamforming networks and multibeam antenna arrays for lowcost satellite and mobile systems. Measured copolar radiation patterns of the manufactured fourbeam microstrip antenna array butler fig. The choice of the butler matrix reduces the complexity of beamforming circuitry and avoids the use of highcost phase shifters requiring extra controlbit signals. Millimetrewave beamsteering array antenna by emphasising. Butler matrix frequency diverse retrodirective array. The antenna arrays that have been used in this project are 4 x 1 square patch antenna array, 4 x 4 x 2 antenna array and 4 x 1 monopole antenna array while 4. An array consists of two or more antenna elements that are spatially arranged and electrically interconnected to produce a directional radiation pattern. The butler matrix is a type of beamforming network. The antenna array fed by butler matrix network will produce multiple beams in.
Mickiewicza 30, 30059 krakow, poland abstract a concept of. The antenna design using fr4 substrate consists of 2 layers with different thickness of 1. Beamforming networks using cascaded butler matrices. The original design of the hemispherical helical antenna elements is modified in order to match it to the system impedance.
Microstrip ehf butler matrix design and realization. Beamsteering antennas, especially with butler matrix feed network, are a good suggestion to solve the aforementioned problem. This matrix generates a set of n orthogonal beams from the n antenna elements of an equispaced linear array. The author presented only simulated result for butler matrix covering 2.
In this example, a proposed antenna 1 is comprised of eight seriesfed patch elements, each containing eight patches that are connected in such a way to produce both standing wave and. This paper proposes the butler matrix bm frequency diverse retrodirective array bmfdra beamforming network at the bs for multiuser communications in mmwave networks. Steerable antennas for automotive communication systems. Butler matrices can be combined in two layers to facilitate 3d scanning. The geometry of the element and feeding network is utilized in array form to enhance the impedance bandwidth and radiation ef.
Us4316192a beam forming network for butler matrix fed. As there is an increased demand on wireless communications to provide high data throughput 3, it is essential that butler matrix has to be operate over an increased frequency band when used for angle diversity. The effect of the beam switching is shown by observing the outputs of 4 receiving antennas that are placed in the farfield of the array at the approximate azimuthal angles corresponding to the beam peaks. Pdf design and implementation of singlelayer 4x4 and 8x8 butler. There exists a large number of different array configurations. Part of the discussion for next generation wireless communication is the ability to rapidly steer beams from antenna arrays at higher frequencies. Design and implementation of a 4x4 butlermatrix switched. Em simulation of 28 ghz seriesfed patch antenna array for. Pdf design and implementation of a smart antenna using. A small hemispherical helical antenna array for two.
In prior work, prototypes for beamforming using phase shifters 3, 4 or butler matrix 5 were presented to demonstrate the feasibility of mmwave beamforming. Importantly, large colocated antenna elements can be exploited at the base station bs to facilitate beamsteering synthesis along the users directions. In this paper, an ismband smart antenna system of 4element microstrip linear array antenna with butler matrix beamforming network is designed, analyzed and implemented using microstrip technology in completely planar structure without suffering. Antenna arrays naturally constitute an essential part of a mimo system. The results show that the antenna impedance bandwidth covers 3. In this study, an innovative design of the butler matrix fed network is presented to drive patterns of the antenna.
A circular multimode antenna array having n radiating elements, an nxn butler matrix and n1 phase shifters includes feed networks comprising a back fillin network, a sum pattern power divider network, a difference pattern power divider network and a sumdifference combiner network. To improve the design of phased array antennas, a passive butler matrix. Some other specifications such as beam steering in one of four directions and beam coverage will be achieved after the design of butler matrix beam forming network. Beam steering via phased antenna arrays is demonstrated. The first smart antennas were developed for military communications and intelligence gathering. The architecture of the butler matrix beamforming network is analyzed with the considerations of coupling effects between fundamental elements of the network and the antenna array. Pdf design and implementation of singlelayer 4x4 and. Reduced sidelobe multibeam antenna array with broadside beam fed by 4x8 butler matrix krzysztof wincza, artur rydosz, izabela slomian, and slawomir gruszczynski agh university of science and technology al. Butler matrix integrated with antenna array design the single element of the aperture coupled antenna has been designed in 11 with the dielectric constant is 4 and 0. The butler matrix 3 is such a network, as shown in fig. This new approach can improve the measurement accuracy and realize a high detecting rate. Design approach of multibeam using phased array antenna aided.
Smart antennas, switched beam antenna arrays, butler matrix networks, beamforming. Based on your location, we recommend that you select. The beam switching is accomplished by using a 4 x 4 butler matrix. A switched beam antenna requires radiating elements, a beamforming network and radio frequency rf switches 6 while adaptive array systems are much more complex, requiring advanced signal processing 7 techniques. Design and implementation of butler matrixbased beamforming networks for low sidelobe level electronically scanned arrays volume 7 issue 1 fanourios e. Moreover, multibeam antenna arrays fed by the bms are constructed.
The upgrade to digital radio technology in the mobile phone, indoor wireless network, and satellite broadcasting industries created new opportunities for smart antennas in the 1990s, culminating in the. The antenna arrays are employed with a butler matrix bm to form required phases of excitation coe. To our knowledge this is the first time that such travelingwave. Depending on which of n inputs is accessed, the antenna beam is steered in a specific direction in one plane. Performance limits and geometry optimization by peter joseph bevelacqua a dissertation presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree doctor of philosophy arizona state university may 2008. The architecture of the butler matrix beamforming network is designed without using cross couplers, in fact the array antenna will be surrounded by the hybrid couplers, and it leads. Design and implementation of singlelayer 4 4 and 8. Compact switchedbeam array antenna with a butler matrix. The threebeam butler matrix is able to generate three beams in the azimuth plane, which can. Antenna arrays using adaptive beamforming techniques can reject interfering. The input ports of the butler matrix are named according to their beam position. Using this technique, we excite the butler matrix beamforming network with a 4by1 antenna array in the following order. Design and implementation of singlelayer 4x4 and 8x8 butler matrices for multibeam antenna arrays.
A switched beam antenna array with butler matrix network. This paper presents the optimum design of a 4x4 plannar butler matrix array as a key component of a switched beam smart antenna system, operating at 5. Choose a web site to get translated content where available and see local events and offers. Third, a compact phased array antenna system based on. Application of butler matrix in switched beam smart antenna. To conquer troubles such as disruptive effects in mmwave frequency, many researches have been challenged. A broadband beam scanning antenna array based on substrate. Design and implementation of a 4x4 butlermatrix switchedbeam. Design of butler matrix integrated with antenna array for. Pdf singlelayer 4x4 and 8x8 butler matrices bms that operate in. A 4 by 10 series 60 ghz microstrip array antenna fed by. To eliminate the complexity and the weight involved in the use of a butler matrix, the present invention matrix antenna array uses a combination of processors and analog multipliers for weighting the signals, either to be transmitted or received.
Ieee antennas and propagation society international symposium, 2007, pp. The arrays are composed of 7 point sources uniformly spaced in a linear fashion uniform linear array ula. The various networks are used either alone or in simultaneous combination to provide sum and difference. Blass matrix was tested for use in an antenna pattern diversity system for a hand held radio. A typical multibeam, uniform, linear antenna array consists of, equally spaced, identical elements.
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